Value Engineering

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Green building or sustainable building refers to both a structure and the application of processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life cycle: From planning to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition.
On the aesthetic side of green architecture or sustainable design is the philosophy of designing a building that is in harmony with the natural features and resources surrounding the site.
Many factors have a major influence on reducing the energy expenditure in building sector as researches showed that green building are the best management practices due to social, environmental and economic benefits. It can enhance storm water management, reduce urban noise, mitigate pollution, have an effect on urban heat and on human health, energy savings, and decreasing surface temperature which all lead to preserve biodiversity.

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Main Goals

Main Goals:
1. Increase the understanding of energy efficiency and environmental quality through the interaction between design, stakeholders, youth, females, people with disabilities, and local environmental civil society.
1.1. Interaction could by increased by:
- Regular meetings and workshops.
- Training the staff.
- Checklists.
2. Applying architectural tips for the construction of Sustainable/energy-efficient buildings. It often emphasizes taking advantage of renewable resources.
First cost and operating costs can be reduced by applying sustainable/green tips which relies on considering the followings:
- Relationship between building and immediate environment, choices of construction process and materials and low nuisance construction site.
- Site location and site orientation.
- Building form and geometry.
- Building envelope (such as double-glazed windows, using heat-reflecting coating and shading).
- Arrangement/Grouping of Spaces.
- Using plants and trees through green roofs, rain gardens, and reduction of rainwater run-off.
3. Reduce the energy consumption for HVAC, water heating and lighting by
- Using Improved thermal insulation materials.
- Improving the use of daylight.
- Using solar energy and heat pumps for water heating.
- Providing natural ventilation in combination with air conditioning, using operable windows, cross-ventilation and the stack effect.
- Reducing lighting loads by applying ASHRAE 90.1 power density standards as a maximum.
- Specifying High-efficiency equipment.
- Using better control methods for equipment.
- Specifying and using an efficient lighting system.
- Using sunlight through passive solar, active solar, wind power, hydro power and photovoltaic equipment.
4. Advance the understanding of the impact of indoor environmental quality (IEQ) on work performance, health symptoms and perceived environmental quality inside the building. In general, it has been found that, "there is a direct correlation between increased productivity of employees who love being in their work space." Specifically, worker productivity can be significantly impacted by certain aspects of green building design through the following
- Introducing outdoor air for ventilation (advanced ventilation systems).
- Ensuring thermal and visual comfort for the occupants.
- Ensuring acceptable noise level and proper air cleaning for the spaces.
- The use of non-toxic building materials.
5. Development of tools, procedures and methods suitable for designing green buildings. To the maximum extent feasible, facilities should increase their dependence on water that is collected, used, purified, and reused on-site, through specifying and using the following
- Water conserving plumbing fixtures.
- Non-chemical water treatment.
- Graywater systems.
- Point-of-Use Domestic Hot Water Heaters.
- Rainwater Harvesting.
- Green buildings specification checklist.
- Construction methods and procedures to ensure a fully realized green project.
6. Maximize the actual operational energy performance of buildings and facilities through training the end- users and the operation and maintenance (O&M) staff to
- Sharpen the understanding of the technical, economic, institutional and human factors that contribute to the gap between potential and actual energy performance (staff should aim to establish best practices in energy efficiency, resource conservation, ecologically sensitive products and other sustainable practices). This understanding could be increased by holding training workshops to O&M team and end- users.
- Develop tools and methods to maximize the actual energy performance of buildings.
- Document the energy savings and improvements in performance that can be realized through use of these tools and methods.

Value Engineering in Construction Projects During the Studies and Design Phase

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Value Engineering

Value engineering during the stages of studies and designs for any construction project is an organized effort directed at all stages of studies and designs so that it includes analyzing the characteristics of materials, systems and equipment and choosing the most appropriate one with a balance of the efficiency of the required functions with the cost in order to achieve the basic functions at the lowest cost during the life cycle of the facility to suit the required performance, quality, reliability and safety So that this study includes the specifications and the initial cost, operation and maintenance.

Value Engineering

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Objective

1. Objective
The objective of value engineering in construction projects during the studies and design phase is to consider an integrated study of the origin that achieves the required goal and to take into account at the same time that the study, designs and implementation documents bring about the desired balance between the Owner’s requirements of the project so that the project itself achieves the design, specifications and the implementation time period, accordingly the best possible value at the lowest cost is targeted. In order to realize this objective, value engineering is utilized to solve problems, identify and eliminate undesirable costs and improve functionality and quality through a set of steps designed for improving the final product, while taking into account the initial cost and operation and maintenance costs.

Value Engineering

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Work Steps

2. Work Steps During the Studies and Design Phase
2.1. Information/Data collection
Collecting data and gaining a clear understanding of the project. This is done in the exploratory phase of the project through the following:
2.1.1. The project’s requirements received from the Employer and studying and understanding the main objectives of the project, in addition to acknowledging the best wat to operate and maintain it, the possibility of future expansion and any notes required by the Employer.
2.1.2. Laws and regulations that require obtaining approvals on the project and any terms or conditions that must be included in the studies’ phase to be achieved.
2.1.3. Determining the information sources of the constituent materials of the project, categorizing them according to each element of the project and indicating all the available options so they can be studied in later phases.
2.1.4. Identifying the options of the entity(s) that will execute the required works, their competences and evaluation so that these options can be studied in later phases.
2.1.5. Studying materials, schedule, costs, shop drawings and specifications so the team becomes more aware of and familiar with the project concept, who will use the final product and what expectations entail. Once you understand what you are dealing with, you will start acknowledging what the function entitles.
2.2. Information/Data Analysis
Analyzing data and acquiring a clear understanding of their entire details, categorizing them according to their area of usage and identifying the best options to use them. This can be accomplished in the first phase that involves producing the initial design concept for the project through working on completing the following:
2.2.1. Analyzing the functions of the elements determined in the previous step and assess their necessity in achieving the project goals. These functions are divided into: “Primary Functions” that are vital to reach the final product, and the “Secondary Functions” that are noticeable but not decisive for the essence of the project. Once identified, the studies and design team can innovate and search for the solutions that fulfil the project requirements determined and received from the Employer.
2.2.2. Categorizing the analysis under the above item by defining the available options and specifying it within priorities that are based on the foundations set to achieve the objective.
2.3. Development
This takes place in the studies and design phase through the following steps:
2.3.1. Developing alternative solutions to provide the necessary construction functions. The value engineering team brainstorms to generate potential design solutions in order to realize the required functions of the project, whether it is intelligence, putting emphasis on high-cost elements, etc. This phase is a crucial phase in value engineering.
2.3.2. Categorizing the development phase under the item above by placing priority options.
2.4. Evaluation
This phase is the subsequent phase of the development phase and takes place in the studies and design phase, and it consists of the following:
2.4.1. Studying costs in accordance with the evaluation priorities in the alternative solutions data, while taking into account the cost of the solution in real-time and the cost over the life cycle of the constructed facility.
2.4.2. Developing alternative solutions to provide the necessary construction functions. The value engineering team brainstorms to generate potential design solutions in order to realize the required functions of the project, whether it is intelligence, putting emphasis on high-cost elements, etc. This phase is a crucial phase in value engineering.
2.5. Selecting Options
This phase is the subsequent phase of the evaluation phase and takes place in the studies and design phase, and it consists of the following:
2.5.1. Developing alternatives with higher success probability and studying their consistency with the project timeline.
2.5.2. Preparing digital shop drawings and models, verifying cost estimates and/or validating the decisions.
2.5.3. Compiling all the recommendations reached, and determining their advantages, disadvantages and implementation plans to be submitted to the Employer for approval.

Value Engineering in Construction Projects During the Studies and Design Phase

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Methodology

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1.1. General Considerations

1.1. General Considerations
The Employer determines the goal of the project under the criteria approved and adopted after conducting preliminary and feasibility studies in addition to the demands of the Society. and clarifying the need behind implementing the project from the other, but it requires the party entrusted with studies and designs to take into account more comprehensive factors and considerations for each phase of the preliminary studies, design and implementation phases, in addition to a complete study of the maintenance and operation phase.
The impact of establishing the project should consider the direct effect on the surrounding community, whether during the implementation phase or the operation phase, since any project should be welcomed and accepted at least by the local community to ensure the safety and the environmental health of the surrounding area. The study should also extend to the exploitation of human potentials, raw materials and available local products to the fullest. In order to fulfill this purpose, the preliminary studies of the project must include the following:

1.1.1. Defining the Objectives of Design process:
1.1.1.1. To achieve the purpose of establishing the project and taking into account that studies and designs will achieve the goal in the best possible way and to achieve the best quality results.
1.1.1.2. Study the requirements of the owner of this project in all respects including the required project components according to the owner requirements.
1.1.1.3. Getting people involved in the design process and working on engendering a sense of community ownership, pride and stewardship of the project so as they use and participate in their project and ensure its success.
1.1.1.4. Facilitate multi-stakeholder dialogue that highlights new voices- including unemployed youth, female, home-based business owners, people with disabilities, and local environmental civil society, so they participate in the planning, design and construction management.
1.1.1.5. Increase the understanding of energy efficiency and environmental quality through the interaction between design, stakeholders, youth, female, people with disabilities, and local environmental civil society.
1.1.1.6. Implement quality control procedure inside the design process using tools such as checklists, to ensure that it meets the specified requirements by defining the checks and verifications applied to the design and development activity. To control and verify the design, assign design function responsibilities, define technical interfaces and verify that the design output meets the design input requirements.
1.1.2. Determining the nature of the project (new buildings, rehabilitation, additions, external works, infrastructure, internal design, site coordination or a mixture of these works).
1.1.3. Location, suggested locations and existing buildings.
1.1.4. The detailed requirements of the project (new project/any future expansion).
1.1.5. Project operation, operation and maintenance requirements and studying using the necessary systems to save the operational costs.
1.1.6. Health, safety and environment requirements during all of the project implementation phases.
1.1.7. Relationship between building and immediate environment, choices of construction process, materials and low nuisance construction site that can be used as raw materials during project implementation.
1.1.8. Manpower, technical and expertise available in the surrounding and nearby communities who can be of use during the project implementation, or pre-training to ensure creating jobs opportunities during the implementation or the operation of the project.
1.1.9. The phases of work and the expected time period for completion.
1.1.10. Impact of the execution phases on the nearby area and community, and considering the possibility of the participation of and/or benefitting the local community from the project implementation phases.
1.1.11. Estimated cost, schedule and the funding source.

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1.2. Methodology and Scope of work

1.2. Methodology and Scope of work
1.2.1. Selecting the Project Manager
Selecting a project manager whose duties are summarized in the following:
1.2.2. Setting a timeline for completion in coordination with specialty engineers.
1.2.3. Determining the information and documents required from the Employer.
1.2.4. Determining the information and documents required from external sources.
1.2.5. Selecting the individuals and entities that will work on the project along with the tasks and dates.
1.2.6. Defining the models and the working methodology, in addition to following up, checking, supervising and directing.

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1.3. Work phases according to the schedule and the procedures to ensure QUALITY CONTROL

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1.3.1. Exploratory Phase

1.3.1.1. Preparing the documents received from the Employer that are related to the construction site, and extracting any documents or information related to the site.
- Tasks required during the time of the visit are determined in a checklist.
- No. (DCL-E01) provided in the link below:

DCL-E01

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1.3.1.2. Site visit

- Project manager and all the engineers of the required Disciplines.
- The requirements of the site visit are determined in the - The requirements of the existing buildings are included in checklist no. (4) provided in the following link
- No. (DCL-E04) provided in the link below:
checklist.
- No. (DCL-E02) provided in the link below:

DCL-E02

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1.3.1.3. Site Plan

- Assigning the required tasks to the survey services provider.
- Site plan requirements are determined in the checklist.
- No. (DCL-E03) provided in the link below:

DCL-E03

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1.3.1.4. Existing buildings:

- Entrusting the survey company with providing the cadastral status of existing buildings.
- Entrusting specialized engineers with conducting visits to and providing reports regarding the existing buildings.
- The requirements of existing buildings are determined in the checklist.
- No. (DCL-E04) provided in the link below:

DCL-E04

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1.3.1.5. Information/Data collecting

1.3.1.5.1. The demographic and social study of the site.
1.3.1.5.2. Row materials and industries available at the site.
1.3.1.5.3. Manpower, technical and expertise available within the vicinity of the site.
1.3.1.5.4. Any historical or heritage information, customs or traditions related to the site.
- The requirements of collecting information are determined in the checklist.
- No. (DCL-E05) provided in the link below:

DCL-E05

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1.3.1.6. Phase outputs

1.3.1.6.1. Certified regulatory deeds sheets, provisions of regulation, borders installation report, coordinates, determining deductions, amendments and providing the necessary measures to address them in coordination with the Employer.
1.3.1.6.2. Cadastral Plan: Topographic plan, existing buildings/facilities, visible services, plants and trees and their types, fences/external walls, streets and their capacity, stairs, corridors and all the necessary fixed assets within the site.
1.3.1.6.3. Reviewing and programing the exploratory phase’s information and distributing them to the concerned competencies for the purpose of starting the phases of work.
1.3.1.6.4. Proposed program for work in the subsequent phases.
1.3.1.6.5. Providing the Owner with a report containing the outputs of the exploratory phase, and another report showing the results reached along with the subsequent working steps and any inquiries or clarifications related to the phase.
1.3.1.6.6. Discussing any proposals or amendments received from the Owner and reaching the final data to transfer it to the design concept of the project.

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1.3.2. The First Phase: Design Concept

1.3.2. The First Phase: Design Concept
1.3.2.1. Design Concept
1.3.2.1.1. Defining the final outputs of the exploratory phase and consequently completing design concept/concepts through developing concept/concepts and technical architectural options and clarifying their details, philosophy and relation to the projects’ goals and location.
1.3.2.1.2. Adopting the structural and architectural axis network to reach a structural and architectural solution with determining electromechanical service tracks and systems.
1.3.2.2. Phase Outputs
1.3.2.2.1. Illustrating the design concept and its philosophy.
1.3.2.2.2. Explaining the regulatory provisions on which the design concept was conceived, and these include the approved regulatory deeds sheets, provisions of organization, borders installation report, coordinates, determining deductions, amendments and providing the necessary measures to address them in coordination with the Owner.
1.3.2.2.3. Tables showing architectural spaces, their areas, relations and required services and proposed locations.
1.3.2.2.4. An illustrative diagram of the functional relations between the spaces showing the foundations on which the architectural concept was presented.
1.3.2.2.5. Preliminary architectural plans including the general site, flats, facades, sections and spaces.
1.3.2.2.6. The architectural materials proposed to be used, their specifications and features according to their locations.
1.3.2.2.7. A structural report including the proposed structural system and materials to be used, their specifications and features according to their location, in addition to the codes and determinants to be designed according to.
1.3.2.2.8. An electrical report that will include the proposed systems and materials to be used, their specifications and features according to their location, in addition to the codes and determinants to be designed according to.
1.3.2.2.9. Sanitary systems, heating and air conditioning report including the proposed systems and materials to be used, their specifications and features according to their location, in addition to the codes and determinants to be designed according to.
1.3.2.2.10. Initial cost report.
1.3.2.2.11. Initial approval from the competent authorities.
1.3.2.3. Presentation Method
1.3.2.3.1. A visual presentation to be presented to the Employer.
1.3.2.3.2. Hard copy/copies as required.
- The requirements of the first phase are determined in the checklist.
- No. (DCL-E11) provided in the link below:
• https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FonqJoTJTIY3k6PZ2zKfAzDOMuPWyCQWRwgbvTxOYks/edit?usp=share_link

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1.3.3. The Second Phase: Design Development

1.3.3. The Second Phase: Design Development:
1.3.3.1. This phase includes:
1.3.3.1.1. Making any changes or modifications required by the Employer.
1.3.3.1.2. Providing all the architectural plans, interior design, fixed and mobile furniture, details, site coordination and specifications.
1.3.3.1.3. Providing all the structural plans, details and specifications.
1.3.3.1.4. Providing all the mechanical plans, details and specifications.
1.3.3.1.5. Providing all the electrical plans, details and specifications.
1.3.3.1.6. Providing all the special systems plans, details and specifications.
1.3.3.1.7. Site coordination plans and their details.
1.3.3.1.8. Draft bill of quantities and estimated prices for each item.
1.3.3.1.9. Draft execution contract/general and specific conditions.
1.3.3.1.10. Initial approval from licensing authorities.
1.3.3.1.11. Initial approval from the General Directorate of Civil Defense.
1.3.3.1.12. Determining the electrical loads and referring to the competent electricity supply company.
1.3.3.1.13. 3D design plans for the project.
1.3.3.1.14. Design development phase report.
1.3.3.2. Presentation Method
1.3.3.3. A visual presentation to be presented to the Employer.
1.3.3.4. Hard copy/copies as required.
- The requirements of the second phase are determined in the checklist.
- No. (DCL-A12) provided in the link below:

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1.3.4. The Third Phase: Final Documents

1.3.4. The Third Phase: Final Documents
1.3.4.1. This phase includes:
1.3.4.1.1. Making any changes or modifications requested by the Employer to the previous phase.
1.3.4.1.2. Providing all the architectural plans, interior design, fixed and mobile furniture, details, site coordination and specifications.
1.3.4.1.3. Providing all the structural plans, details and specifications.
1.3.4.1.4. Providing all the mechanical plans, details and specifications.
1.3.4.1.5. Providing all the electrical plans, details and specifications.
1.3.4.1.6. Providing all the special systems plans, details and specifications.
1.3.4.1.7. Coordination plans and their details.
1.3.4.1.8. Spreadsheet of the bill of quantities and estimated prices for each item in its final form.
1.3.4.1.9. Execution contract/general and specific conditions.
1.3.4.1.10. The final approval certified by Jordan Engineers Association.
1.3.4.1.11. The necessary licenses from licensing authorities.
1.3.4.1.12. The final approval from the General Directorate of Civil Defense.
1.3.4.1.13. Final 3D design plans for the project.
1.3.4.1.14. Final phase report.
1.3.4.1.15. Coordination with the Owner regarding the Contractors’ invitation, the required qualification and the offers’ evaluation method.
1.3.4.2. Phase Output
1.3.4.3. Tender documents.
1.3.4.4. Final report.
1.3.4.5. Plans certified by the competent authorities.
1.3.4.6. Presentation Method
1.3.4.7. Soft/Electronic copy.
1.3.4.8. Hard copy.
- The requirements of the third phase are determined in the checklist.
- No. (DCL-A13) provided in the link below: